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This type of rock falls into one of two categories: detrital sedimentary stone and chemical sedimentary stone. Detrital stone is the naturally cemented accumulation of solid granular particles or materials derived from both mechanical and chemical weathering of any existing rock. Examples include limestone, shale, and sandstone.
Chemical sedimentary stone is formed from the precipitates of chemicals like salt, that are the dissolved weathering products of any existing stone. Chemical weathering yields soluble salts that in turn are deposited into pools and springs. This process yields stone such as onyx, certain travertines, and alabaster.
This of course is a very basic overview of how the various types of stone are formed. There are also exceptions to the rule. Specifically, stone can sometimes be classified as different types.
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